Sixteen years ago, on this very day, July 22, 2009, millions across India and other parts of Asia were treated to a rare celestial spectacle: the longest total solar eclipse of the 21st century. The event captivated observers as day momentarily turned into twilight, leaving an indelible mark on those who witnessed it.
The magnificent eclipse, which featured an extraordinary totality lasting up to 6 minutes and 39 seconds at its peak over the Pacific Ocean, began its journey at sunrise over the Gulf of Khambhat in India. From there, the Moon’s umbral shadow traversed a narrow corridor across northern India, moving through states like Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and parts of the Northeast, before continuing its path over Nepal, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Myanmar, and China.
In India, cities such as Varanasi, Patna, Bhopal, and Surat experienced complete darkness for several minutes, allowing observers to witness the Sun’s ethereal corona – its outer atmosphere, normally hidden by the bright solar disk. Many gathered in open spaces, on riverbanks, and rooftops, equipped with special viewing glasses or homemade pinhole projectors, to safely observe the rare phenomenon.
For many, it was a once-in-a-lifetime experience. The scientific community seized the opportunity to conduct various experiments and observations, studying the Sun’s corona and the effects of the sudden darkness on Earth’s atmosphere and wildlife. Astrologers and spiritual leaders also noted the significance of the event, with many pilgrims gathering at sacred sites like the ghats of the Ganges in Varanasi for ritualistic bathing.
The 2009 eclipse was a powerful reminder of the grandeur of our solar system and the intricate dance between the Earth, Moon, and Sun. Its record-breaking duration in the 21st century means that a longer total solar eclipse will not be witnessed until the year 2132, solidifying the July 22, 2009, event as a truly historic day in astronomical observation for India and the world.
