Ashwalayana and Patanjali (c. 1300 BCE) were among the earliest Indian astronomers to record observations of the Pole Star (Dhruvatara).

Their references to the fixed nature of the Pole Star suggest a deep understanding of celestial navigation and positional astronomy.

The Pole Star (Polaris today) aligns with Earth’s rotational axis, making it a key reference point for ancient astronomers and travelers.

Their observations likely influenced later Indian astronomical texts, including Vedanga Jyotisha and works by Aryabhata and Varahamihira.

This demonstrates how Indian astronomers systematically recorded celestial changes centuries before modern astronomy!