The Iron Pillar in the Qutub Minar complex in Delhi is an extraordinary testament to the advanced metallurgical skills of ancient India. Erected during the 5th century CE by King Chandra Varman, who is often identified with Chandragupta II of the Gupta Empire, this pillar is notable for its impressive resistance to corrosion.
- The pillar stands at 7.32 meters (24 feet) tall, including a decorative capital at the top.
- Made from wrought iron, it weighs approximately 6,000 kilograms (13,227 pounds).
- The pillar bears six lines of Sanskrit inscriptions in the Brahmi script, which provide historical context.
- The inscriptions praise King Chandra, extolling his valor and achievements, and mention the establishment of a Vishnu dhvaja (standard) in honor of Lord Vishnu.
- The pillar’s resistance to corrosion, despite being exposed to the elements for over 1,500 years, is attributed to the high phosphorus content in the iron, the absence of sulfur and manganese, and the formation of a protective passive layer of iron hydrogen phosphate.
- This makes the pillar a subject of extensive study in the fields of metallurgy and materials science.
- Initially erected near Udayagiri in Madhya Pradesh, it was later transported to its current location in Delhi, likely during the early Delhi Sultanate period.
- The pillar reflects the technological prowess of ancient Indian iron-smiths and serves as a symbol of the enduring cultural heritage of India.
- The pillar stands within the Qutub Minar complex, a UNESCO World Heritage site, near other historic structures like the Qutub Minar itself, the Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque, and other relics from the early Delhi Sultanate period.
A popular legend associated with the pillar is that anyone who can encircle it with their arms while standing with their back to it will have their wish granted. However, this practice has been discouraged to preserve the pillar.
The Iron Pillar continues to be a fascinating monument for historians, scientists, and visitors, representing a blend of artistic, scientific, and cultural achievements of ancient India.
