The discovery of a copper smelting kiln at Lothal, an important Harappan (Indus Valley Civilization) site in Gujarat, provides strong evidence of advanced metallurgical practices during the period 2200–1500 BCE.
Height: 35 cm (13.8 inches)
Rim Diameter: 18 cm (7 inches)
Base Diameter: 10 cm (3.9 inches)
This structure suggests that the Harappans had well-developed copper smelting technology, enabling them to extract high-purity copper from ores.
Exceptional Purity: Scientific studies reveal that Lothal copper was very pure, indicating advanced refining techniques.
Trade and Craftsmanship: Copper was used for tools, weapons, ornaments, and seals, and Lothal’s port facilitated trade with Mesopotamia and other regions.
Alloying with Tin: Evidence suggests the manufacture of bronze (an alloy of copper and tin), showing Harappans’ knowledge of metallurgy.
Use of Furnaces: Controlled temperatures for smelting and refining metals.
Copper Artifacts: Beads, chisels, fishhooks, mirrors, and vessels have been found.
Bronze Production: Indicating the Harappans’ understanding of alloying techniques.
The discovery of copper smelting technology at Lothal showcases the Harappans’ expertise in metallurgy, playing a crucial role in their economy and trade networks.
